Ancient Medical Procedures
Medicine has come a long way over the centuries. Life spans have increased, and some things that were once deadly diseases are now curable with a few over-the-counter prescriptions. The study of the human body and the conditions that afflict it have been around as long as mankind, and there is still much to be learned from some of the more ancient medical practices.
Egyptian Papyrus
There are several Egyptian texts that have been uncovered, documenting medical procedures practiced by those who built the pyramids. These procedures include magical spells (some of which were thought to come from the gods themselves) and using onions to see if a woman is pregnant. They also contain depictions of skin and bacterial diseases, demonstrating extremely accurate and thorough knowledge of the human body. This is not surprising, considering all that was learned in mummification.
Mesopotamian Herbal Solutions
Cuneiform tablets from the Mesopotamian Middle East (the area that's now Iraq, plus parts of Turkey and Syria) show some advanced techniques for dealing with common medical problems. One tablet details the use of local plants to stop bleeding from wounds and sores. Herbal remedies were also commonly used for conditions of the stomach and digestive tract.
Early Surgeries
Tablets also show that physicians in Mesopotamia regularly performed surgeries, often to drain fluids thought to be causing discomfort through buildups. (Interestingly, in Hammurabi's famous codes, there is a section that holds physicians responsible for botched surgeries--even going as far as ordering hands cut off as a result of malpractice.)
Ritual Bathing
The Greeks were great practitioners of ritual bathing of a patient in seawater before attending a temple to be cured, thinking that the bathing gave acknowledgment to the gods, and would help cleanse the body of what ailed it. After the bathing, it was thought that the gods would come to the sleeping patient and do what was necessary to complete the removal of the ailment.
Greek Midwives
Death during childbirth was a common occurrence throughout the ancient world, and great lengths were taken to do everything possible to save mother and child. Methods of midwives ranged from using dog placentas and vulture feathers in the delivery room. Other common tools of the midwife included olive oil, sponges, pillows and bandages. Mothers gave birth sitting upright on stools or in chairs that had holes cut in the seat for the baby to pass through.
Ancient Medical Practitioners
Many ancient medical practitioners walked the fine line between doctor and religious figure. In Mesopotamia, it was often up to a shaman to diagnose what was wrong with a patient, and determine what otherworldly being was causing the discomfort.
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